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1st Special Squadron (Japanese Navy)

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1st Special Squadron
ActiveJanuary 1917 – October 1918
CountryJapan
Branch Imperial Japanese Navy
TypeFleet
RoleProtection shipping in the Pacific theatre of operations
Part ofAdmiral, Japanese Command

The 1st Special Squadron (January 1917 – October 1918) was an Imperial Japanese Navy fleet. In accordance with the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, the fleet helped defend Australia and New Zealand as well as Allied shipping in the Pacific and Indian oceans during World War I.

Background

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Main article: Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I

At the outbreak of war, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) stood at 3,800 personnel and consisted of sixteen ships, including the Indefatigable-class battlecruiser Australia, the light cruisers Sydney and Melbourne, the destroyers Parramatta, Yarra and Warrego, and the submarines AE1 and AE2. Another light cruiser (Brisbane) and three destroyers were under construction, and a small fleet of auxiliary ships was also being maintained.[1]

After the Imperial German Navy's East Asia Squadron was destroyed early in the war, most RAN ships were redeployed to the European theatres, leaving Australia and New Zealand exposed to German merchant raiders operating in the Pacific.[2] The Australian government requested help from the British Admiralty, as the remaining warships could not effectively protect the region.[3] These requests suggested that ships of the United States Navy be deployed to supplement the forces in Australian waters, but instead, the Admiralty contacted Japan and made arrangements for several ships to be sent to Australia.[3]

1st Special Squadron

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In January 1917, Japan created the 1st Special Squadron, made up of several cruisers supported by the 2nd Destroyer Division. They were tasked to defend the Strait of Malacca and shipping from Australia to Aden.[4] This squadron was based at Singapore and commanded by Rear Admiral Kozaburo Oguri. To provide more coverage, the Japanese Navy formed the 3rd Special Squadron on March 26, 1917, to defend the eastern coast of Australia and New Zealand. With the capture and sinking of German raiders, the pressure against Allied shipping lessened, and after December 1917, the 3rd Special Squadron was dissolved and the operational area of the 1st Special Squadron was enlarged to include the eastern coast of Australia and New Zealand.[4] The defence of Australia, New Zealand and of Indian shipping lanes by Japanese ships continued until October 1918.[4]

Ships of the 1st Special Squadron

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Cruisers
Name Kanji Image Launched Type
Yahagi 矢矧 October 3, 1911 Chikuma class
Tsushima 対馬 December 15, 1902 Niitaka class
Niitaka 新高 November 15, 1902 Niitaka class
2nd Destroyer Division
Name Kanji Image Launched Type
Kamikaze 神風 [A 1] July 15, 1905 Kamikaze class
Kisaragi 如月 [A 1] September 6, 1905 Kamikaze class
Hatsushimo 初霜 — May 13, 1905 Kamikaze class
Hibiki 響 — March 31, 1906 Kamikaze class

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Picture is not of ship but a sister ship of the same class and design; see Kamikaze-class destroyer

Bibliography

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Citations

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  1. ^ Jose 1987, pp. 472–473
  2. ^ Jose 1987, p. 337.
  3. ^ a b Jose 1987, p. 338.
  4. ^ a b c Tucker, Roberts 2005, p. 611.

References

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  • A.W. Jose. The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Volume IX: The Royal Australian Navy (September 1987 ed.). University of Queensland Press. p. 649. ISBN 0-7022-1848-0.
  • Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts. World War I: encyclopedia (2005 ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 1661. ISBN 1-85109-420-2.
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